Thursday 10 May 2012

Who wrote the 'Protocols of Zion'?


There is one famous document which haunts our modern world - the 'Protocols of the Learned elders of Zion.’ We'll here argue, that it was most likely composed in the 1840s in Paris by a member of the Rothschild banking dynasty. That puts their composition in the first half of the 19th century and not at the end of it, as is widely believed. (1) Its text contains no allusion to Zionism, as you'd expect if it belonged to the end of the 19th century - but rather, it formulates a financial master-plan deriving from an earlier period, when Rothschild and Illuminati plans came together in the wake of the French revolution. A few components were added to the final  text, at the end of the 19th century - which has misled people to suppose it was written then. Let's start with a historical perspective.
'No single document has more fully captured the attention of the gentile world, that the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion'     - Brother Nathaniel

1.      The Bavarian Illuminati

In 1815, Lionel Nathan Rothschild trumped the Bank of England, he crashed it in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars. He in effect took over the Bank of England, then in 1816 he did much the same with France, its bank was taken over by the Rothschilds: two national banks.(2) Such a thing was totally unheard-of: that, by speculation, a family gained financial power over nation-states. In 1818 the Rothschilds made loans to European governments, beginning with Prussia and following with issues to England, Austria, Naples and Russia.
As the Protocols observed, Freemasonry was employed as a means of concealing the new movement, formulated by the brilliant mastermind Adam Weishaupt in Bavaria: back in the 1780s a Luciferian ‘Illuminism’ began permeating Western Freemasonic lodges, with a philosophy radically different from that which they had earlier contained. Weishaupt wrote: "The great strength of our Order lies in its concealment, let it never appear, in any place in its own name, but always covered by another name, and another occupation. None is fitter than the three lower degrees of Freemasonry; the public is accustomed to it, expects little from it, and therefore takes little notice of it."(3) In 1781 the Illuminati hierarchy became added to the first three degrees of Masonry (Masons at the Congress of Wilhelmsbad, 20 December). On returning home, Comte de Virieu, a Mason from the Martiniste lodge at Lyons, reported: "I can only tell you that all this is very much more serious than you think. The conspiracy which is being woven is so well thought-out that it will be impossible for the Monarchy and the Church to escape it."(4)
What was so powerful about the new movement, what was its terrible potency? It was we are here suggesting a spiritual movement, threatening to destroy the entire established order of things, it was Jewish at its core (5) (‘the doctors of Unbelief’) and it was based upon the godlike way in which paper money could be created out of nothing –with interest charged upon it.
The Inception had begun in 1694, two centuries earlier, with a Dutch king put onto the English throne, and Dutch financiers putting up some gold, and thereby acquiring the magical ability to multiply paper money - it was called, the ‘Bank of England’. It’s a well-told story. We are only here concerned with a creative act, maybe a century and a half later: when did one individual compose the awful twenty-four fold ‘Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion? We surmise it was one of the 33rd degree in the Paris Mizraim Lodge, maybe giving them monthly over a couple of years.

2.       The Rothschild Dynasty

Clearly, there is an ‘I’ in the text, a single Author, eg: ‘To-day we shall touch upon the financial program, which I put off to the end of my report as being the most difficult, the crowning and the decisive point of our plans’.  (Protocol 20) 

The 6th Protocol describes the experience of crashing a national currency, whereby ‘we,’ the dreadful secret ‘we,’ have the power to do that. We are here endorsing Henry Makow’s view, that it has to have been a Rothschild who spoke the words: ‘We are creating huge monopolies upon which even the large fortunes of the goyim are dependent so that they will go to the bottom together with the credit of the states on the day after the political smash.’ That phrase has to be anchored in the historical reality of 1815-8, and written from personal experience. (6)
That text came from no book or tradition, but came in the aftermath of seizing control of the French and British banking systems; only in the wake of such shattering and unprecedented events could the new, financial technique for World Domination come to the cruel and heartless intelligence which composed the Protocols. It could not I suggest have happened any earlier, and may have been a decade or so after these acts - when the stupendous significance of their wealth, plus also maybe the success of Weishaupt’s Illuminism (7), blossomed into the evil plot.
If you will look back at every war in Europe during the nineteenth century, you will see that they always ended with the establishment of a "balance of power." With every reshuffling there was a balance of power in a new grouping around the House of Rothschild in England, France, or Austria. They grouped nations so that if any king got out of line, a war would break out and the war would be decided by which way the financing went. Researching the debt positions of the warring nations will usually indicate who was to be punished (Economist Dr Stuart Crane (8)). 
- the exact policy described in Protocol 2: It is indispensable for our purpose that wars, so far as possible, should not result in territorial gains: war will thus be brought on to the economic ground, where the nations will not fail to perceive in the assistance we give the strength of our predominance, and this state of things will put both sides at the mercy of our international agentur.’

On 19th  June 1815 Nathan Mayer Rothschild crashed the English stock market then on 20-21 June ‘the Rothschild family gained complete control of the British economy and forced England to set up a new bank of England, which Nathan controlled outright. In that year Nathan Mayer Rothschild (9) in effect took over the Bank of England, becoming Nathan Mayer, Baron de Rothschild.’ (10) Then in France on 5 November 1818 Rothschild agents began buying huge amounts of French government bonds, and ‘Rothschilds gained complete control of France’s finances.’ (Ibid)  His son Amschel Mayer  is known for the saying in 1838 ‘Permit me to issue and control the money of a nation and I care not who makes its laws.’ The Rothchilds profited immensely from wars, funding both sides in accord with the Protocols advice.
‘It is more likely that Rothschild's grandson, Lionel Nathan Rothschild (1809-1879) or someone like him, is the author,’ Henry Makow conjectured. Lionel Rothschild was cast as the banker "Sidonia" in a novel by Benjamin D'Israeli, Coningsby (1844):
No minister of state had such communication with secret agents and political spies as Sidonia. He held relations with all the clever outcasts of the world. The catalogue of his acquaintances in the shape of Greeks, Armenians, Moors, secret Jews, Tartars, Gypsies, wandering Poles and Carbonari, would throw a curious light on those subterranean agencies of which the world in general knows so little, but which exercise so great an influence on public events. The secret history of the world was his pastime. His great pleasure was to contrast the hidden motive, with the public pretext, of transactions. (11)
James Meyer Rothschild (1792 – 1868) was a 33 degree Scottish Rite Mason, was advisor to two kings of France, and became the most powerful banker in the country following the Napoleonic Wars. He and his sophisticated Viennese wife were at the center of Parisian culture. One could here add, that the text was composed by a teetotaller, from its comments about alcohol and the goyim.
The grand serpent, coiling in its 24-fold dark splendor, threatening to embrace the world, was it born then? The Mind that conceived it was, as Solzhenitsyn observed, of ‘well above normal abilities,’ its plan being ‘more complicated than a nuclear bomb.’ (12) That is not the text we have now, because it was polished up prior to its debut at the First International world Zionist Conference in Basel in 1897.

3.      The Warning: Dialogues in Hell

Some readers – or maybe most - will believe that the Protocols were a ‘forgery.’ A forgery of what? We here define this concept, as meaning, that the Protocols were composed around the end of the 19th century. There are several allusions to events at the end of the 19th century in the text, eg the notion of having politicians who can be manipulated through having some stain upon their character: ‘some Panama.’ The Panama crisis happened in 1892. If you believe it’s a forgery, you will believe it was composed after that date, and done by a member of the Russian secret police the ‘Okhrana’ – going to Paris and writing it in French, that’s the story. (13)
In 1864, a book by Maurice Joly was published, Dialogues in Hell,(14) which had clearly overlapping material from the Protocols. One had copied from the other. That fact is the starting-point, upon which everyone is agreed. Henry Makow’s hypothesis is here being explored, whereby Joly copied, having seen the proto-Protocols, and not vice-versa.
Maurice Joly, “a Jew whose real name was Joseph Levy, was a lifelong Mason and member of the ‘Lodge of Mizraim,’” explained Henry Makow, “He was the protegé of Adolph Cremieux (Isaac Moise Cremieux 1796-1880) the head of the lodge and a Minister in the Jewish-backed government of Leon Gambetta.” (15) That connection with the Mizraim Lodge is important.
Joly’s text had been viewed as a polemic against Napoleon III, who arrested him for it. Few would read that text today, unless studying French literature - whereas, millions all around the world are continually reading the Protocols, on account of the doomy, hope-terminating manner in which it seems to be describing how our world is unfolding. No other text seems to have been describing the 20th century - and the 21st. It’s been described as the second most read text after the Bible, (16) as permanently in print around the world, translated into every written language, and as the most profound political text since Plato’s Republic. (17)
Less than one-sixth of the Protocols text overlaps with the Joly text. (18) That degree of overlap may hardly be enough to indicate its derivation. The Joly text is standard Machiavellian philosophy, about how politicians need to cheat and lie, etc: whereas the Protocols are prophetic of what was to develop through the 20th century, they reach into the future, which might have meant little to Joly. For Joly, despotism was to be achieved without violence: "violence plays no role" (p. 174); "I who have taken as final policy, not violence, but self-effacement" (p. 226)  - whereas the Protocols describe a program of routinely bumping off enemies in secret.
Comparing two of the Protocols texts (with thanks to Henry Makow): Joly’s Dialogues say: "Everywhere might precedes right. Political liberty is merely a relative idea. The need to live is what dominates states as it does individuals," which is compared to the First Protocol: "From the law of nature right lies in might. Political freedom is an idea but not a fact, and one must know how to use it [political freedom] as a bait whenever it appears necessary to attract the masses ... to one's party for the purpose of crushing another who is in authority." (Protocols 1) The difference here could hardly be more striking: Joly is reflecting on matters as a political theorist, while in contrast we can hardly doubt that the Protocols author is describing actual practice, what has been and is being accomplished.
Joly’s Dialogues say: "Revolutionary ferment which is suppressed in one's own country should be incited throughout Europe" expressing a standard Machiavellian tactic for a nation-state (much practiced from London we may note during the heyday of the British empire), and this is comparable to the 7th Protocol: "Throughout all Europe ... we must create ferments, discords, hostilities." But, there is no reference to suppressing these in one's own country. The Author does not have a nation-state to promote, all European states have to submit!
There is nothing anti-Semitic in the Joly text, it contains no hint of a Jewish plot. Whereas, the Protocols are about nothing else. Had the Russian Okhrana wanted to incite anti-semitism – supposedly, we are told, the reason for the ‘forgery’ - why on earth would they have wanted to allude to this text?
Maurice Joly knew something terrible. He had to picture in 1864 a descent into Hell to describe it - and was jailed for his efforts. It was said of him, ‘It is his lasting achievement to have uncovered in the analysis of his own times the vulnerabilities of modern politics to a new form of tyranny.’(19) What new tyranny was that? The sole and precise goal of his Dialogue, he affirmed in the opening words, was to describe: ‘… one political system in particular that has not varied in its methods for a single day since the unfortunate and, alas, already too far away date of its inauguration…The supernatural duration of certain successes [in this field] is furthermore intended to corrupt honesty itself; but the public conscience yet remains, and the heavens will one day interfere in the games being played against it.
Whatever could he have meant? He is here claiming, that he wrote his book to warn about a terrible political scheme, which had already begun, which he saw as never deviating from its aim since it was conceived, which appeared to have a supernatural ability to corrupt ‘honesty itself’ – and, it would require heaven to intercede in order to put a stop to it! His message was, he averred, applicable to all governments, not to one in particular. Bear in mind that Joly was under a Masonic oath of secrecy and so cannot say anything more direct.
I suggest that these very important words of Joly are compatible with a composition date in the 1840s for the Protocols: it was a ‘far away’ date and yet clearly within his personal memory. That was the time of Marx and of the great revolutionary ferment in Europe.

4.     They Appear in Russia 

        Mr Sergius Alexandrovich Nilus published the Protocols in 1905. (20) He had served in Tsar Nicholas II’s court as its Minister of Foreign Religions and had commanded a detachment of Don Cossacks, being decorated for heroism. He averred: ‘It is nearly four years since the Protocols of the Elders of Zion came into my possession.’ (21) His Russian text derived from a French original, (22) there is very wide agreement on this point.
 Figure: Sergei Nilus and his son in 1900


In 1884 the daughter of a Russian general, Justine Glinka, was in Paris to obtain political information on behalf of the Tzar, which she was communicating to General Orgevskii in St. Petersburg. She employed Joseph Schorst, (23) a member of the Jewish Freemasonic Mizraim Lodge in Paris, (24) who one day offered to obtain for her a document of great importance to Russia, on payment of 2,500 francs. This sum was duly sent from St. Petersburg, paid over and the document handed to her. She translated it into Russian and then handed it over to Orgevskii, who in turn handed it to his chief, General Cherevin, for transmission to the Tsar. Cherevin, being under certain financial obligations, may have been pressured not to transmit it and instead filed it away.

Justine Glinka on her return to Russia dwelt in a place called Orel, where she gave a copy of the Protocols to the marechal de  noblesse of this district, Alexis Sukhotin, who showed it to two of his friends, Stepanov and Nilus. That was in the year 1895, and we have a signed and witnessed testimony to this effect, which there seems no reason to doubt. (25)That could be the earliest date for the definite existence of this document. (26)
Nilus’ son testified at the Berne trial (of 1935, concerning the Protocols) that he had seen Stepanov hand over a manuscript in French of the Protocols to his Father in June of 1901. (27) As we’ll see in the next section, there are various bits of the Protocols which could only have been composed in the 1890s. Stepanov printed and circulated a text privately in 1897, while Nilus published it in 1905 as a chapter in his book The Great Within the Small, a copy of which was deposited in the British Library.
The Protocols were first published in September 1903  in ten issues of the St. Petersburg periodical Znamya as ‘Protocols of the Sessions of the World Freemasons’ Alliance and of the Sages of Zion,’ no copies remain.(28) 

5.      The Birth of Zionism

The year 1897 is ‘considered the start of practical Zionism’ (29), i.e the quest for a Jewish homeland. Theodore Hertzl’s book came out the year before. It is unthinkable that the Protocols could have been composed around that time, but not allude to it. The complete absence of this theme from the Protocols strongly indicates that they were composed much earlier, before Zionism had blossomed. The ‘learned elders’ did not dare to add in Zionic plans to the hallowed Protocols, that would have been too massive an adjustment.

Think carefully of the successes we arranged for Darwinism, Marxism, Nietzeism. To us Jews, at any rate, it should be plain to see what a disintegrating effect these directives have had upon the minds of the goyim’ (Protocol 2)
We may doubt whether the banker dynasties did arrange such successes – maybe for Marxist-Leninism, for Stalinism and for Bolshevism, but not these intellectuals as such. However, the authors (plural) wanted to claim such for the Zionist conference at Basel. Also the use of ‘to us Jews’ is not generally characteristic of the main text, written (as Henry Makow has argued) by one individual. Only at the end of the 19th century not its middle could the success of such intellectual ‘anti-Christ’ movements have been averred.  The ‘us Jews’ suggests a plural authorship, as the learned ‘elders of Zion’ handled and prepared the final manuscript. 
There is almost something satirical about such a claim, which in turn fuels claims of these texts being a ‘forgery.’ (30) Likewise, the text extols the misleading of Youth with nihilism via Leon Bourgeois, the French Minister of Education around 1990: ‘one of our best agents, Bourgeois’ (Protocol 16). Was that comic satire? Let’s just say, it was an add-on. Or, they threaten to blow up cities with the Metro-underground, which was constructed at a similar time. Was that a joke? If these fin-de-siècle touches were added by ‘Elders of Zion’ with a Talmudic dislike of Christian culture, then they were but adding glitter to the main deep and terrible argument, formulated much earlier in the century.
We here concur with Peter Myers: ‘My argument is that Joly did not create these parallel passages ex nihilo, but modified an existing revolutionary text (precursor of the Protocols), reworking parts of it to suit his attack on Napoleon III’. Thus, Leon Bourgeois, French Prime Minister in 1895-6, frequently spoke in favor of a system of teaching, and in 1897 these speeches were published in a book, L'Education de la democratie francaise. Then, a passage in Protocol 10 has the Elders recommend the election of presidents with some 'Panama' in their past. This refers almost certainly to Emile Loubet, Prime Minister of France when the Panama scandal reached its climax in 1892.
As for the Paris underground, the Metro, plans for it were announced in 1894, but it was only in 1897 that the municipal council granted the concession: in view of the threat in the Protocols to blow up capital cities from the underground railways. In 1896 the Russian Minister of Finance Sergey Witte proposed the introduction of the gold-standard in Russia, in place of the gold-and-silver standard then in force; and in 1897 it was in fact introduced. This too figures in the Protocols - in Protocol 19 there is the observation that the gold standard has ruined every state that has adopted it. But, above all, there is the title of the forgery itself. One would normally expect the mysterious rulers to be called Elders of Jewry or Elders of Israel - as we have seen, the first Zionist congress [was] at Basel. (31)
But we’re not going all the way with Mr Meyers:
The year of the congress was 1897.  All in all it is practically certain that the Protocols were fabricated sometime between 1894 and 1899 and highly probable that it was in 1897 or 1898. The country was undoubtedly France, as is shown by the many references to French affairs. (32)
He has shown some impressive final text adjustments in 1897, the very year of the Congress – but, we should not confuse this with the composition of the masterpiece itself. That year is when they were finished, not composed.

References
1.  See Makow’s essay, ‘Protocols “Forgery Claim is Flawed” in Illuminati, The Cult that Hijacked the World, 2008, 108-112; or web-essays eg Makow-Protocols Forgery Claim is Flawed NB his web-essays are not the same as the book chapters, and the book is recommended for anyone wishing to grapple with this topic.
2. Rothschild Timeline: ‘This [crash] gave the Rothschild family complete control of the British economy, now the financial centre of the world following Napolean’s defeat, and forced England to set up a new Bank of England, which Nathan Mayer Rothschild controlled.’ See also Frederick Morton, The Rothschilds A Family portrait 1962, pp.53,56.

3.  Makow, ibid, p.82; John Robison, Proofs of a Conspiracy against all the Religions and Governments of Europe , 1798. Robison, a Mason and philosophy professor at Edinburgh, was invited to join the Illuminati in the late 18th century. Dr. Adam Weishaupt, Professor of Canon Law in the university of Ingolstadt, was a member of the The Lodge Theodore of Good Counsel, established in Bavaria in 1775. After being expelled from Bavaria in 1785 he fled to Switzerland. See David Rivera, Final Warning History of the New world Order, 1994, p.24-27.

4.  Juri Lina Under the sign of the Scorpion 1998, p.27: ‘Baron Bassus’ (Hannibal’s castle) in Sandersdorf was also searched and the police confiscated even more papers concerning the Illuminat’s conspiracy against the whole world. In these documents, which I carefully studied in 1986 in the Ingolstadt archives, plans for a global revolution were laid out and these papers clearly stated that this destructive operation was to be the work of secret societies.’ The Illuminati courier Jacob Lanze was struck by lightning and killed on 20.7.1785, on his way to Prague: ‘Local police found at his home ‘documents giving detailed instructions for the planned French Revolution. Some of these documents were addressed to the Grand Master of the Grand Orient Lodge in Paris.’ (Juri Lina p.27)’ Some noted that the timetable for the 1789 French Revolution appeared to be carried out exactly as planned in those captured documents.  Of  that French revolution, Protocol 7 stated: ‘the secrets of its preparation are well known to us, for it was wholly the work of our hands.’      

5.  ‘Bernard Lazar, a well-known Jewish author, wrote in his L’antisémitisme (1894) that Weishaupt was surrounded exclusively by Cabbalistic jews. Confiscated documents show that of 39 illuminati holding lesser leading positions, 17 were Jews (ie 40%). The higher one looked in ranks, the larger was the percentage of Jews.’ Juri Lina op cit p.24. Adam Weishaupt, whose father was a Jewish rabbi, was supported by the House of Rothchild in Frankfurt.

7.   For what didn’t happen - the ‘academic’ view that, after the Bavarian illuminati were extinguished in 1785, that was the end of the story - see eg The European Illuminati by Dr Vernon Stauffer, Chapter 3 alleging that Professor Robison’s Proofs of a Conspiracy,1797 was greatly exaggerated. Against this see e.g. US President George Washington’s letter 24.10.1798 expressing concern about the spread of the ‘doctrines of the Illuminati’ with its ‘diabolical tenets’ via freemasonry; or the Boston committee set up a few years later to inquire how far Freemasonry and ‘French Illuminism’ were connected. This suggests that it was alive and well: Rivera, op.cit. pp.55,61.

8.  Quoted without reference, but see here.

9.  Benjamin Disraeli’s novel, Coningsby describes him as: “the Lord and Master of the money markets of the world, and of course virtually Lord and Master of everything else. He literally held the revenues of Southern Italy in pawn, and Monarchs and Ministers of all countries courted his advice and were guided by his suggestions.” He was ”a man without affection.” (pp.294, 299 1927 Edn)
10.  Greg Hallett, Hitler was a British Agent, NZ 2005, p.471
11.  Disraeli, Coningsby, 1844, p.301 (Disraeli became Britain’s Prime Minister in 1868).
12.  Solzhenitsin on the Protocols,written in 1966 and published in 2001:Israel Shamir,
13.  According to The Lie that Wouldn’t Die by Hadassa Ben-Itto, 2005 (an Israeli lawyer), p.81,  in 1884 the head of the Russian police sent agents to Paris ‘to prepare the fake documents’ i.e. some police bureaucrats wrote them. He then tried to get the document to the Tsar via General Cherevin, head of the Okhrana – but he wouldn’t collude, and just archived it. Then, years later, ‘at the beginning of the first Russian revolution’ i.e 1905 the Okhrana again decided to send agents to Paris to develop and enlarge the document, to make it look more modern. Thus the Protocols appeared. Just about everything is wrong with this story. This tale has the forgery happen in the same year 1884 that Justine Glinka was (‘actually’) in Paris obtaining her copy of the Protocols.
14.  It was published anonymously as a set of Dialogues in the Underworld between Machiavelli and Montesquieu. In his anonymous Preface Joly did not as such claim authorship: “One will not ask where is the hand that traced out these pages: a work such as this is, in a certain way, impersonal. It responds to an appeal to consciousness; everyone has conceived it; it is executed; the author effaces himself, because he is only the editor of a thought that is in the general sense; he is only a more or less obscure accomplice of the coalition for good.”  Joly took his life in 1878 (But, see his brief autobiography, written in jail, where he claims the notion of the Dialogues came to him while walking one evening by the Seine …). For complete text of the Dialogues in English, see Bernstein The Truth about the Protocols of Zion, NY 1935, pp.75-258; or download it from Peter Meyers, http://mailstar.net/toolkit.html.
15.  There was a close association between Joly and Adolphe Cremaux, the French Minister of Justice, founder of Alliance Israelite Universalle, prominent member of the Mizraim Lodge, a Grand Master of the 33rd degree and member of the Supreme Council of the Order of Mizraim. In 1860 Joly founded a Paris newspaper Le Palais, for lawyers and attorneys, with various Masons backing it. Colonel Fleischhauer testified at the 1935 Berne trial that Joly was Jewish and that his name had been Joseph Levy. A eulogy was delivered at Joly’s funeral by a deputy of Leon Gambetta’s party. Kerry Bolton, The Protocols of the Learned elders of Zion in Context, 2005 Part I, pp.31-4)
16.   Makow, Ref 1. The translation by Victor Marsden was published in 1923, then in 1958 its 81st edition appeared.
17.   Dr Lasha Darkmoon, America Vanquished, 2011, Part II. 

18.   “The word-count of the parallel-passages from the Protocols, as listed by Bernstein (at bernstein.zip), is 4,361, while the word-count of the Protocols is 26, 496. That is, the parallel passages comprise 16.45% of the Protocols; this is substantial, but still less than one sixth of the total.” – Peter Meyers, http://mailstar.net/toolkit.html

19.   This evaluation continues, ‘Napoleon's police immediately confiscated what were probably thought to be all extant copies of the Dialogue. But the text, surprisingly enough, later somehow found its way to Istanbul’  -  not, N.B., to Paris’ main library. http://www.naderlibrary.com/lit.dialoguehellintro.htm 

20.   There is a fine account of these matters in Metapedia, which contrasts greatly with the Wikipedia site: the latter proceeds entirely by incantation: of course it’s a forgery…we know it’s a forgery .. well-known to be a forgery… You do believe it’s a forgery, don’t you?

21.   Sergius Nilus wrote his ‘Antichrist’ essay in 1901, or so it was dated in his 1905 book The Great within the Small. He was inspired firstly, by the Russian mystic Vladimir Solovieff, who published in 1900, the last year of his life (in a book War and the End of History), his vision of the Antichrist – who posed as a benefactor of humanity, and worked through international Masonry (all rather reminiscent of Weishaupt’s Illuminism); and secondly, Nilus’ getting to see the Protocols, at around the same time. In his Foreword he explained: ‘Soloviev gives us the canvas, the embroidery will be worked by the proposed manuscript.’ He wrote other mystical treatises, mere possession of which could earn up to ten years’ imprisonment in the Soviet Union, e.g. The Force of God and Human Weakness; 1908;  By the Side of the River of God, 1911, none ever translated into English. An English translation of both ‘Antichrist’ essays would be of some interest. Dostoevsky’s Legend of the Grand Inquisitor of 1880 was an earlier Russian ‘Antichrist’ vision.
22.  There were two Russian translations from the French original: one by Justine Glinka, published by Nilus in 1905, the other by George Butmi published in 1906. Mrs Leslie Fry, Waters Flowing Eastward 1933, p.87. (‘Leslie Fry’ was born in Paris as Louise Chandor then married a Russian aristocrat.)
23.   “Schorst fled to Egypt where, according to French police archives, he was murdered.” Leslie Fry, Waters Flowing Eastwards.

24.   Henry Makow has alleged that ‘most Israeli politicians and supreme court judges’ are members of the Mizraim Lodge, i.e. of Israeli lodges using the Mizraim rite. (quoting a 2003 article by Israeli citizen Jerry Golden) The  Mizraim Lodge was founded in 1805 (in Italy) and then in Paris in 1815. ‘The documents emanate from the Masonic Lodge of the Egyptian Rite (Mizraim),’ Georgi Butmi wrote in the Intro to his 1906 Russian version of the Protocols (B. Segal, A Lie and a Libel, History of the Protocols, 1995, p.74).

25.   Fry’s book reproduced a facsimile of a hand-written sworn and witnessed statement by by Stepanov, made in 1927 (in Russian): "In 1895, my neighbour in the district of Toula, Major (retired) Alexis Sukhotin, gave me a manuscript copy of the Protocols of the Wise Men of Zion. He told me that a lady of his acquaintance, whose name he did not mention, residing in Paris, had found it at the house of a friend, a Jew. Before leaving Paris, she had secretly translated it and had brought this one copy to Russia and given it to Sukhotin.” This testimony was signed, ‘Philip Petrovitch Stepanov, former Procurator of the Moscow Synod Office; Chamberlain, Privy Councillor, and at the time of the publication of that edition, Chief of the district railway service of the Moscow-Kursk railway (in Orel)’ – and it was also witnessed: "This is the signature of a member of the colony of Russian refugees at Stary and Novy Futog, Witnessed by me, April 17, 1927, Chairman of the Administration of the Colony, Prince Vladimir Galitzin." (Seal) This text was also given in Norman Cohn’s learned Warrant for Genocide 1967 p.108. Cohn concluded that ‘Stepanov was probably trying to tell the truth as he remembered it,’ adding that a copy of this early text was shown at the Berne trial of 1934. Only a German translation remains, but ‘This shows that the text must have been practically identical with that edited by Nilus.’ That rather knocks on the head the theory about Nilus receiving his text from the secret police.  
26.   Corroboration of this story comes from a female cousin of Alexay Sukhotin: around 1895 she visited him and saw the manuscript of the Protocols being copied out by Sukhotin’s sister and by another young lady, who is named: a copy of her statement exists in the Weiner library (Cohn, p.110 note 28).

27.   Source: Michael Hagemeister, Die Fiktion von der jüdischen Weltverschwörung 2012 p.172. The testimony of Nilus’ son given at the Berne trial had never been published, he explained, but ‘A copy of the original French text is in the Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University, New Haven.’

28.    Cesare de Michelis claims to have seen a copy (in his book The non-Existent Manuscript 2004, Jerusalem), giving no hint how he came by it. In his view the Protocols were composed in 1902-3 in Russian, without any French source. He gives no clue who the Author might be. Freemasonry was banned in Russia in 1823, which is why sensible authors don’t go down this road: the Protocols describe a Masonic plot. This book represents a kind of lunatic fringe of Protocols conspiracy-theory, according to which the text just popped out of nowhere.    

29.   Eg, The 1845 conference of rabbis, at Frankfurt am Main deleted from the ritual all prayers for a return to Zion and a restoration of a Jewish state (Wiki).
30.   Professor Revilo Oliver commented upon this problematic sentence, ‘This may seem like Christian propaganda, such as a "fundamentalist" holy man might have inserted in a forged document.’(Liberty Bell magazine 1991, ‘Those Awful Protocols’)

31.   Quotes here come from Cohn, p.112. Also, it seems likely that the word ‘protocols’ was copied from the Protokoll er Verhandlungendes Zionis ten-Congresses in Basel, the German title of the 1897 Congress.

32. It cannot have originated in Russia, where it first appeared, because Freemasonry was banned in Russia in 1822: the Protocols ‘plot’ is all about Masonry.




The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, where did they come from? Who wrote them?

(Continued from Part I)

6. Was it a Forgery …

In 1921, forgery claims appeared in papers of New York, Paris and London. The trouble was, the incoherence and implausibility of these stories, itself apeared as evidence against the ‘forgery’ claim.  The first of these appeared in the New York American Hebrew of 25 February, featuring testimony by the rather notorious Catherine Radziwill (1), a Russian princess. She claimed to have been living on the Champs-Elysees in Paris in 1904 (but, she never did (2)), when a member of the Russian secret police came by and showed her the French original of the Protocols he was just forging. Did he show it to a society gossip like Ms Radziwill, who had just been jailed for two years on charges of fraud and theft? That reminded her of an earlier draft of the same document she had been given in 1885! (3)

The next forgery claim appeared in a Paris newspaper, a testimony by Count Alexander du Chayla, entitled Nilus and the Zionist Protocols on May 12th. (NB, in no way can the Protocols be described as ‘Zionist’) Du Chayla, who had been paid to write this text, impugned the character of Sergius Nilus, claiming Nilus had obtained them via the Russian Okhrana secret police, (4) and had known the Protocols were a forgery when he published them. But, we may wonder, would the Russian police really want to entrust this prized document to a Russian monk, who would do nothing with it for several years? (5) Would they really want to rely upon him, to translate it back into Russian? Such claims contradict the preface with which Nilus accompanied the work. Lord Sydenham in a letter to the Spectator of 1921, wrote of Nilus: ‘He was I have been told by a Russian lady, absolutely incapable either of writing any portion of the Protocols, or of being a party to a fraud;’ Lord Sydenham expressed puzzlement that no-one had translated Nilus’ 1805 book from the Russian, which contained the Protocols as one chapter, as would ‘give some idea of the man.’(6)  

Next, The Times (16-18 August 1921) revealed the important fact that the Maurice Joly text of 1864 had overlaps with the Protocols - but it hugely exaggerated the claim, averring that there was little in the Protocols not found in the Joly text. It had its Constantinople correspondent discover the Joly text. As Makow points out, this was deception, which only worked because at that time the Joly text was generally unavailable: ‘Napoleon III’s police had seized it.’(7) 

On the 100th anniversary of the Protocols’ publication, there would appear to have been no better story available, for the Protocols’ origin, than that of Ms Radziwill: her account in The American Hebrew provided the main story, many years later, for The Lie that Wouldn’t Die by Israeli lawyer Hadassa Ben-Itto (2005). This book forgets to mention that Ms Radziwill was convicted several times of fraud and forgery (8), or that French author André Marois called her a “mythomaniac,” concluding: ‘in her life, everything was only deception and lies’ (9). It described how Radziwill’s story fell into two parts, twenty years apart: first 1885, then 1905. Firstly, in 1885 the Okhrana sent unnamed agents to Paris to draft the document, i.e. it was composed by nameless police bureaucrats, Russians writing in French; then, an attempt to convey it to the Emperor fails (would it really be the role of the police to concoct a false document then try to delude the Emperor with it?). It then gets shelved for twenty years. The point of composing it in the first place remains unclear, though at one point Ms Ben-Itto explains, ‘the objective being the wholesale expulsion of the Jews from Russia’ echoing Ms Radziwill’s New York claim. Why would Russian police want to do that, and if they did, why compose it in French? The authoress here even concedes: ‘Who would believe that Russians in Paris had forged a document in French to be published in Russia in the Russian language? It all seemed illogical and unrealistic.’ (p.80) Indeed it does, and had she pondered this a bit longer she might have refrained from writing her book. Why go to all the bother of concocting such an inflammatory manuscript, then leave it on a shelf for twenty years?

In 1905, a need was experienced ‘to develop and enlarge the original into a better and more modern form’ and so, despite the old text being stored in a Russian archive, Russian agents again get sent to Paris to update the text - during which the Russian police agent gets to show the document to Princess Radziwill, showing her the top-secret forgery.

She narrated this story in 1921 in New York, unaware that the Protocols had actually been published in 1903, a fact which kills her tale. Should not The Lie that Wouldn’t Die have just mentioned this? Later on, it narrated the account of Du Chayla, as he gave it at a trial in 1933-5 in Berne, which has the Protocols ‘forged abroad sometime between 1896 and 1900’ (p.293). Should not this contradiction of the earlier story have bothered her? One reviewer observed of this book, ‘The result is a peculiar mix of fact and fiction, a kind of historical novel with invented episodes, dialogues, and inner monologues. The book was enormously successful among critics.’(10) We’re here in a realm of comic-book storyland, and synchronously enough a bestselling comic did appear in 2005 to spread the message.(11)

Comic: Can you spot the fallacy? Copies of Joly’s book had all been confiscated, The Times had to go to Constantinople in 1921 to find a copy.


… or a Prophecy?

1920: Henry Ford commented: ‘It is too terribly real for fiction, too well sustained for speculation, too deep in its knowledge of the secret springs of life for forgery.’ (Dearborn Independent July 10.
1921: ‘Are they a forgery? But how can one explain then this terrible prophetic gift that foretold all this before hand?   The Times, 8 May.(12)
1991 Milton Cooper, in his conspiracy classic Behold a Pale Horse reprinted the Protocols, and added: ‘Every aspect of the plan to subjugate the world has since become reality, validating the authority of conspiracy.’ p.267.
2009: Henry Makow, Illuminati:The authenticity of the Protocols is self-evident to any informed individual with an open mind. They describe the world we live in’.
2012: Web-philosopher Kevin Boyle has described the Protocols as ‘a work of genius written (obviously from experience) by a banking oligarch that describes our modern condition with an accuracy and clarity that no mainstream public commentator comes close to matching.’
That’s over a century after they appeared!  


7. If ....

If such a sinister plot did exist, then it would have affected the process of disclosure, whereby the Protocols emerged into the light of day. Let’s take a closer look.
1878  The first person to write about what is considered to be the Protocols content, was Maurice Joly, who shoots himself 14 years after writing his text. What did he see? Had he seen its very Source?
1884    Mr Joseph Schorst like Joly was a member of the Mizraim ‘Grand Orient’ Masonic Lodge in Paris. He steals a copy of the great secret. He is the Betrayer of the Protocols, and tries to save himself by fleeing to Egypt, but is there murdered. We’d like some more details about this life and death – but alas, it’s all gone.
1897    In Russia a Mr Philip Stepanov, friend of Alexis Sukhotin, prints off some copies of these Protocols, translated into Russian by Justine Glinka. No copies remain (13).- but copies must have reached Sergiei Nilus, and Pavel Krushevan, Editor of the St Petersburg newspaper Znamya.
1903  The editor Mr Krushevan published the Protocols in ten successive issues. No copies remain. His paper folded right after publication and he himself experienced an attempt upon his life, and thereafter takes care to have his own cook with him.
1905  Sergiei Nilus publishes ‘The Great within the small’, one chapter comprising the Protocols of Zion. This has never been translated into English, and only one copy remains, (14) that deposited in1906 with the British library. It’s still there! That was later used by Victor Marsden for his classic English translation, published in 1923. Marsden himself died in 1920 immediately after doing the translation. A Morning Star journalist seems to have done an earlier translation which appeared in 1919.
1906  A separate Russian translation appears, published by Georgi Butmi*.
1917  In Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution, ownership of the Protocols carried a death penalty, which remained in force in the 1950s.
1920 The New York publisher Putnam & Son was about to publish an English language copy of the Protocols, when pressure was exerted upon the publisher threatening him with bankruptcy, and he instead gave notice of its cancellation.
1920 The Peer Lord Northcliffe, founder of the Daily Mail and owner of The Times, wrote an article for the latter (anonymously, 8th May, see above), wondering about the text and marveling at their prophetic tone; saying, “An impartial investigation of these would-be documents and of their history is most desirable.” Over the next couple of years he was declared insane, lost his paper, believed someone was trying to poison him, then died. This was the last British newspaper account of the Protocols, not to call them fraudulent.
1920 Matvei Golovinski Okhrana agent dies aged 55, so the next year he could be given credit as Author of the Protocols.
1921 Mutually-contradictory newspaper accounts describing how the Protocols were ‘forged’ appear in Paris, New York and London. The Times owner Lord Northcliffe appears as no longer in control of his own newspaper, and an account radically different from the previous year’s is published.
1924 Sergiei Nilus was arrested by the secret police (‘Cheka’) in Kiev, imprisoned and tortured. The president of the court told him that this was in return for him "having done them incalculable harm in publishing the Protocols.” After being released for a few months he was then again led before the secret police, the GPU or Cheka in Moscow, and confined. Freed in 1926, he died two years later.
1927  Henry Ford, America’s richest man, had to apologise in public for having allowed a series of articles in his paper The Dearborne Independent to discuss the Protocols as if they were genuine.
1933: a criminal charge was brought against some members of the Swiss National Front, seeking to prohibit publication of the Protocols. Many witnesses were called by the Plaintiff but those called by the Defendants were not allowed to speak, or only one was allowed. After a two-year trial, the Court prohibited publication and the judge declared them to be a ‘forgery’. That decision (May 14, 1935) was announced in the Jewish Press before being delivered by the Court. (15)
*  Two Russian translations: A US philosophy professor expressed the matter as follows: “There were two independent Russian translations of the Protocols, the one published by Nilus and another, differing in some particulars, published by a man named Boutmi in 1905. It is the latter from which was made the French translation published by Revision in 1989. It is obviously of importance to collate the two versions.’(16) That may be so, but no-one has done it. A brief glimpse of insight appeared in a testimony given at the 1935 Berne trial:
Butmi was the publisher of another version of the Protocols, and you will notice that there appear in his version remarks by the translator [i.e., of the French into Russian] who maintained and underlined that these Elders of Zion have nothing to do with Zionist organization. The translator wished to correct Butmi, who had argued in his foreword that there was much in common between the Protocols and the Zionist organization.(17)
The unnamed translator here appears as having been present with Georgy Butmi, and added some argumentative comments after Butmi had written his foreword. We concur with this translator, that the document had no connection with Zionism. This is the second time we hear about a translator, the first translation being made by Justine Glinka in Paris. This story appears as another nail in the coffin of ‘forgery’ claims: if Russian police agents had composed the text in Paris, would they really have allowed two different translations to emerge in Russian? (18)
Conclusions
I.
If, then, the Protocols are genuine, they are the revised programme of illuminised Freemasonry formed by a Jewish lodge of the Order’ – Nesta Webster, World Revolution, 1921, p.307.
That may be the best answer we are ever going to get as to where this document came from. Nesta Webster wisely concluded that ‘So striking, indeed, are certain analogies not only between the code of Weishaupt and the Protocols, but between the Protocols and later secret societies, continuations of the Illuminati, that a continuation of idea throughout the movement becomes event.’(19)
The problem is, that the ‘we’ of the Protocols has some sort of deep identity which seems timeless, and is not like anything else. It has a fourfold character, being in turn banker, Jew, Mason and ‘Illuminati’’.
II. Concerning the various forgery-narratives, we may concur with Henry Makow: “In my opinion, the outlawing of Protocols on pain of death in Bolshevik Russia (20) and its execration in the West today proves its authenticity. If your plan for world domination leaked out, what would you do? Would you admit it? No, you’d employ an army of ciphers to stigmatise the document as a hoax motivated by ‘prejudice’ and ‘anti-Semitism.’ They have executed this damage control perfectly, a measure of their power to deceive even in the presence of the truth. This is the only conspiracy that has prevailed in spite of the blueprint being freely available” - Illuminati, p.112

III. The French Okhrana agents Golovinski and Rachovski were victims of posthumous identity-theft by those wishing to construct forgery-narratives. (21) Matvei Golovinski conveniently died in 1920, immediately prior to Radziwill naming him as Author of the Protocols. Hardly anything is available about his biography – although, there is a comic you can read about him. In the meantime I suggest he was not in Paris in e.g. 1998 or whenever the writing-the-Protocols story requires him to be there. His Father knew Dostoevsky, which has led to allegations of stylistic similarity to Dostoevsky’s Legend of the Grand Inquisitor (1894); but, this is really going too far! Suffice to say that if Golovinski had had any such Russian inspiration, the idea of his going to Paris and composing it in French would become even more absurd. 
IV. Few copies of Joly’s Dialogue remained in Europe in the 19th century, after Napoleon III’s police had confiscated them, and its unlikely that a copy existed in St Petersburg. Do you want to believe, that Okhrana agents in Russia sent agents to Paris, with instructions to use this hard-to-find text, which was entirely devoid of anti-Semitic remarks, for the sole purpose of whipping up anti-Semitism? That story is never going to make sense. It’s not clear whether Paris libraries had a copy, presumably why Wikipedia claims that the Okhrana obtained their copy of this text in Geneva. But in that case, how would they have known that they wanted to look for it? (Another account has the son of Joly, Charles, coming to St Petersburg in 1902 to meet Golowinski and give him a copy of the book, this unlikely story appeared in 2001) (22) 
V. More reliable versions of the story involve an early text being given to the head of the Okhrana in Russia, Mr Nikolai Tcherevine (or, ‘Cherevin’), who died in 1896. The Princess Radziwill had a long-term relationship with him, the most important in her life according to her biographer. (23) She is part of the Mystery of the Protocols, because he would have told her something about this. An investigation of Cherevin’s biography or correspondence in this regard would be valuable. Likewise there is no reason to doubt the signed-and-witnessed testimony of Philip Stepanov, to the effect that he possessed a copy of the Protocols in 1995 (see Note 22), also that he had received his copy from Alexay Sukhotin.
VI.  Nilus received the text in French, according to Testimony at the 1935 Berne trial: M. Du Chayla averred that Nilus had received it indirectly from Rachovskii the Okhrana agent in Paris, while Nilus claimed he had received it from Mr Sukhotin. But, if Russian police forged the document in Paris, would they really entrust it to a monk, in a vague hope that he would one day translate it into Russian? If they composed it to stir up anti-Semitism in Russia, then that could only ‘work’ with the document in Russian. Du Chayla averred at Berne that Nilus knew it had come from the Okhrana: would that not make him even less likely to bother to translate it into Russian? Such a harebrained tale would only work if Nilus were an agent of the Okhrana, which even Du Chayla did not suggest. This narrative is locked in self-contradictions! In fact Nilus totally believed that the Protocols were genuine, just as later on he totally believed that the 1917 Bolshevik revolution (with murder of the Russian royal family) was an expression, in practice, of the Protocols’ deeply-laid action-plan.     
VII. “There remains a small space to cross before all states of Europe will be locked in the coils of the symbolic snake by which we symbolize our people.” Protocol 2 (Greek citizens, please note) We live in a world today where only a very few nations still do not have Rothschild-controlled central banks – Iran, Syria, North Korea – and such nations are the ones which may get bombed into submission until they do. 
Nations therefore experience terrible problems from debt, nearly all are in debt – or, imagine that they are - a situation reminding us of the definition of Goy stupidity, kindly provided in the Protocols:
How clear is the undeveloped power of thought of the purely brute brains of the GOYIM, as expressed in the fact that they have been borrowing from us with payment of interest without ever thinking that all the same these very moneys plus an addition for payment of interest must be got by them from their own State pockets in order to settle up with us. What could have been simpler than to take the money they wanted from their own people?
    But it is a proof of the genius of our chosen mind that we have contrived to present the matter of loans to them in such a light that they have even seen in them an advantage for themselves. (Prot. 21)
The sole remedy against the remorselessly-unfolding plan would be, to terminate that which began in 1694, and instead have states able to create and control their own usury-free money - not anonymous foreigners - and without interest at source (24) whereby it would hardly be possible for anyone to grow rich by owning a bank. An Islamic type of banking has to be the answer. The Protocols gloat that the Goyim cannot ever find where the centre of despotic power is located (25) – true, but we don’t need to: all we would need is a real money system, that does not continually enrich the Hidden Ones. The chains of illusory debt have to be broken.


References
[1] She gave a talk in New York, synchronizing with the American Hebrew interviews.

[2]  ‘The Protocols of the Elders of Zion: Between History and Fiction’ by Michael Hagemeister, New German Critique 103, Vol. 35, 2008, pp. 83-95, 90.


[3]  In New York in 1921 she is strapped for cash (getting prosecuted for not paying her hotel bills, see Note 37) and stories about the Protocols are spreading, having a Russian context and an origin in Paris. As a Russian princess, who had had a liason with Nicholas Tcherevine the former head of the Okhrana in Russia (he died in 1896), and had lived in Paris for one year, namely 1904, she was fairly qualified to tell a story. Matvei Golowinsky was trying to ‘update’ the evil manuscript, and he showed it to her to try to enlist her in Russian secret-police activities. All future stories implicating Golowinsky as forger of the Protocols originate from her tale. A real Paris encounter between her and Golowinsky did happen in 1899 (Leda Farrant, The Princess from St Petersburg, 2000, pp.204,288). There was a family connection, she knew Golowinsky’s mother, and he and her son Nicholas went to school together. Little is known about Golowinsky, alleged perpetrator of the Greatest Deception in History, until later when he became a prominent Bolshevik. He conveniently died prior to Radziwill telling her tall story to the American Hebrew in 1921.
[4] In contrast, what Nilus wrote (in the preface to his 1917 3rd edition) was that he had received a hand-written manuscript from Alexander Sukhotin (see section 3) who in turn had obtained it from an ‘expatriate’ lady who had been in Paris, i.e. he did not name Mme Glinka.


[5] Count Alexander du Chayla, a Frenchman who had lived in Russia for many years, testified at a 1934 trial in Bern in return for a substantial sum of money, 4000 Francs, regarding the "Protocols," i.e. he was bribed to testify. Earlier in 1921 he had given ‘the first authentic information concerning the mysterious Nilus’ (Metapedia, Ibid), after spending nine months at the monastery at Optina Poustina as a close neighbor and intimate friend of Nilus. In the winter of 1918-19, the latter allegedly ‘proceeded to show him a manuscript, which he claimed was the original draft of the sessions of the Wise Men of Zion. Du Chayla noticed on the front page a large ink spot. The text was French, and was in several handwritings and in different inks. Nilus explained this by asserting that different people had filled the post of secretary at the secret sessions of the Wise Men of Zion. He did not seem to be certain, however, about this detail, for at another time he told du Chayla that the manuscript was not the original but a copy.’ Nilus’ son was present at the Berne trial, and described Chayla as a ‘perfidious liar’ and a ‘calumniator’ (de Michelis, 2004, p.41, note 44)    


[6] The Spectator 27.8.21, letter to the Editor, reproduced in Marsden’s translation. The four hundred page book published by Nilus in 1905 concluded with the Protocols, that chapter being dated 1902. As Lord Sydenham remarked, no one has ever translated the text, apart from two pages in the Marsden edition of the Protocols (in which Nilus calls for an Eighth Oecumenical council of Christendom to deal with the threat). Let’s hope that what might be the sole copy remaining of this text does not vanish like all the others.


[7] But hang on, if The Times’ correspondent had to go to all the way to Turkey to find a copy of this confiscated book in 1921 (originally published in Geneva, as it was too risky for any French publisher) how come the Russian Okhrana found a copy in Paris in 1898? The Wiki section on Maurice Joly says ‘One of the few copies of the Dialogues to survive, found its way to Switzerland’ and that was where the Okhrana found it. ‘Forgery’ narratives normally have the Protocols being forged in the main Paris library, the Bibliotheque Nationale: do you really want to believe that a copy found in Switzerland was studied in Paris, by Russians from St Petersburg? That Wiki comment suggests that Paris’ main library had no copy of the Joly text in 1998. It’s one thing to aver that the Joly text was used as a source, but quite another to aver that the Okhrana had to scour Europe to find a copy. After all, how would they know that they wanted to look for it? 


[8] Princess Catherine Radzivill had been convicted of forgery in London on April 30,1902, the amount involved being £3,000, and was sentenced to two years in prison (London Times, April 16, 29, and May 1, 1902). On October 13, 1921, suit was filed against her by the Hotel Embassy, New York, for failure to pay her bill of $1,239, and on October 30 she was arrested on the instance of the Hotel Shelbourne, New York, on a charge of defrauding the hotel of $352. (New York World, Oct. 14 and 31, 1921).


[9] Hagemeister, ref 31, p.90.


[10] Hagemeister, Ibid., p.94.


[11] In the comic The Plot: The Secret Story of the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion, created by comics legend Will Eisner - probably the most coherent exposition of the forgery claim we’re likely to get - Matvei Golovinskii forges it in 1898 under instructions from Piotr Rachkovskii, head of the foreign branch of the Russian secret police, the infamous Okhrana, in Paris - in accord with St Petersburg historian Mikhail Lepekhin’s story as published in 1999 in Le Figaro in Paris. However, the historian Boris Nikolaevskii, a coordinator of the Bern trial and an expert on the czarist secret police, admitted in a confidential letter that his own research had convinced him that Rachkovskii “under no circumstances could have had anything to do with the preparation of the Protocols.” He called du Chayla a “swindler” who had no idea about the origins of the Protocols. Owing to the rise of Hitler in Germany, Nikolaevskii did not wish to be seen at that trial to be undermining the ‘forgery’ arguments. (The 1999 story involved a file on Henri Bint allegedly surfacing in Moscow, he being the Okhrana agent who had paid Golowinski while he was in Paris composing the Protocols. One would like to learn from that file, if it exists, in what year that happened.  No article or book was published on this, just a newspaper article.) In reality, the archives of the Okhrana have revealed ‘nothing’ (stored at Stanford University’s Hoover Institute) as likewise the Rachkovsky archives in Paris failed to show anything (Cohn, p.117). 


[12] There is quite a bit more of interest in this quite honest article, almost the only one such in a British newspaper, on this topic: by Viscount Northcliffe, owner (main shareholder) of The Times. The sense of prophecy fulfilled was also expressed by Lord Sydenham: “The Protocols explain in almost laborious detail the objects of Bolshevism and the methods of carrying it into effect… the deadly accuracy of the forecasts of the Protocols, most of which have since been fulfilled to the letter. ..” letter to The Spectator 27.8.21

[13] A German translation may remain, ref .24.


[16] By Revilo P. Oliver, Professor of Philosophy at Illinois University. alluding to the French revisionist journal edited by Alain Guillonet.


[17] Statement to Berne trial by Carl Loosli (The Lie that Wouldn’t Die, p.295)


[18] Butmi’s 1906 text was ‘the same version but no longer truncated’ as that published in 1903: Cohn, p.72.


[19] Nesta Webster, World Revolutions: the Plot against Civilisation, 1922, p.296: five pages show similar sets of text. She here references John Robison’s Proofs of a Conspiracy 1797, 2003.


[20] Such a comment was also made by Fry in her Waters Flowing Eastward, concerning people being shot on sight for possession: ‘This fact is in itself sufficient proof of the genuineness of the Protocols,’ p.87.


[21]  At the Wiki site for ‘Golovinski’, I entered ‘chat’ and found (March 2012) only one comment: “Michael Hagemeister the German scholar …  calls seriously into question the claim that Golovinski assembled the Protocols. The article should be edited to reflect that,” alluding to a 2008 article. The person who made that remark, had then been ‘blocked indefinitely’ from using Wikipedia. What a surprise! There is no more discerning scholar writing on this topic than Hagemeister, history professor at Munich University. We’ve earlier linked to his main English article ‘Between History and Fiction,’ published in 2008, presumably the one here alluded to.   


[22] Chapter 2 of Vadim Skuratovsky’s The Question of the Authorship of "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion", 2001, ponders the ordinary, forgettable journalese of Golowinski’s known writings, plus the absence of any evidence linking him to the Protocols beyond Ms Radziwill’s testimony. It finds evidence that Golowinski iwas residing in Paris somewhat later on, in 1910. Its chapter 6 laughably suggests Dostoyevsky as a major source of inspiration to Golowinski in forging the Protocols. The Wiki section on Golowinski knows of no evidence linking him as Author beyond the discredited testimony of Radziwill.


[23] Leda Farrant, The Princess from St Petersburg, 2000.


[24] For the titanic struggle over the heart and soul of America, attempting to resist the Rothschild-controlled central banks – a struggle tragically lost, as US presidents who issued debt-free money kept being assassinated – see the text of ‘The Money Masters’, which every politician needs to read. (Or, watch it on Youtube). 


[25] “The plan of action of our force, even its very abiding place, remains for the whole people an unknown mystery.... Who and what is in a position to overthrow an invisible force?" (Protocol 4). The most secret political plots will be known to us and will fall under our guiding hands...We know the final goal...whereas the goyim have knowledge of nothing..." (Protocol 15)